CURRICULUM STUDIES
Author
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Definition/Conception of Education
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William C. Bagley, 1907
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A “storehouse of organized race experience” stored in form of certain essential subjects.
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Franklin Bobbit1918
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Series of things which the children and youth must do and experience……[and develop]..abilities to do things well in that make up the affairs of adult life. P.42
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Caswell & Campbell1935
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Curriculum is defined as “ all the experiences children have under the guidance of teachers” p. 66
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Robert M. Hutchins1936
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Curriculum consist of the permanent subjects like grammar, mathematics, logic, rhetoric and reading that helps develop the intellectual virtues of the individualiii
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Arthur Bestor1956
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Curriculum is simply a list of the essential subjects that can be grouped in five areas of study viz. “grammar literature and writing; mathematics; sciences; history and foreign language” and combined they “provide a standard program of intellectual disciplines in the fundamental disciplines” iv
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Smith, Stanley & Shores,
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A sequence of potential experiences is set up in the school for the purpose of disciplining children and youth in the group ways of thinking and acting. This ser of experiences is referred to as the curriculum
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Eight Year Study 1942
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Curriculum is understood as “the total experiences with which the school deals in educating young people”.
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Ralph Tyler1956
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Curriculum refers to “all of the activities of the students which is planned by and directed by the school to attain its educational goals.”
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Philip H Phenix1962
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Education…is a guided recapitulation of the process of inquiry which gave rise to the fruitful bodies of organized knowledge comprising the established disciplines …..Hence curriculum “should consist entirely of knowledge which comes from the discipline”.
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Broudy, Smith & Brunette1964
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“….curriculum consists primarily of certain content organized into categories of instruction” p. 79
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Maurtiz Johnson1967
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“….a structured series of intended learning outcomes” p. 127
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Popham & Baker1970
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“…all planned learning outcomes for which the school is responsible” p. 48
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Westbury & Stiener1971
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Curriculum is understood as a means to “inquiry into the devices and modes for actualizing the interaction of the commonplace curriuluar elements: subject, students, milieu and teacher” p. 261
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Paul H. Hirst1974
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“……….a plan of activities deliberately organized so that tpupils will attain by learning certain educational ends or objectives” p. 132.
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J.G. Saylor & W. M. Alexander 1974
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“……a plan for providing sets of learning opportunities to achieve broad goals and related specify objectives for an indentifiable population served by a single school centre” p.6
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Ronald C. Doll1978
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“The curriculum of the school is the formal and informal content and process by which learners gain knowledge and understanding, develop skills, and alter attitudes, appreciations and values under the auspices of the school” p. 6
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G.M. Inlow1973
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“….a body of value-goal-oriented learning content” p. 42
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Tanner &Tanner1975
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Curriculum is “..that reconstruction of knowledge and experience systematically developed under the auspices of the school to enable the learner to increase his or her control of knowledge and experience” p. 38.
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